Los estudiantes politécnicos en México y sus percepciones sobre los miedos que los obstaculizan para emprender
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33010/ie_rie_rediech.v12i0.1295Palavras-chave:
emprendimiento, educación superior, obstáculos para emprender, mentalidad emprendedora, espíritu empresarialResumo
El emprendimiento permite activar las economías de los países, genera empleos, desarrolla nueva tecnología e incrementa el nivel de vida y bienestar de los ciudadanos. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar las percepciones que tienen los jóvenes politécnicos con relación al fenómeno del emprendimiento y sus posibles obstáculos. Es un estudio transversal; la obtención de datos se realizó por medio de un cuestionario, y participaron 9,626 estudiantes de los tres niveles educativos del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y se emplearon modelos lineales generalizados que permiten el análisis multivariable. Se encontró que apenas el 15% de los estudiantes ha participado en actividades de emprendimiento, además de que solo el 25% de los jóvenes de enseñanza media y superior ha tenido negocios (pero únicamente el 11% de estos siguen operando). El miedo a fracasar se detectó con mayor prevalencia en las mujeres que estudian el bachillerato o licenciatura, aunado a que la sensación de fracaso se presentó en jóvenes que provienen de familias de sectores vulnerables. Se concluye que el instituto tiene que poner mayor atención a las mujeres para capacitarlas, así como mantener y reforzar sus acciones orientadas a la educación empresarial y formación del espíritu empresarial.
Referências
Acs, Z. J., Szerb, L., y Autio, E. (2016) The global entrepreneurship and development index. En Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index 2015. SpringerBriefs in Economics. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26730-2_2.
Alonso, P., Barrera, P., Barrón, S., Berrelleza, M., Carbajal, M., Cortés, J., Jiménez, V., Pouzou, R., y Rehák, J. (2019). El emprendimiento en el estado de Querétaro: análisis de los datos del Global Entrepreneuship Monitor 2019/2020. Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey.
Anjum, T., Farrukh, M., Heidler, P., y Díaz Tautiva, J. A. (2021). Intención emprendedora: creatividad, emprendimiento y apoyo universitario. Revista de Innovación Abierta: Tecnología, Mercado y Complejidad, 7(1), 11.
Boubker, O., Arroud, M., y Ouajdouni, A. (2021). Entrepreneurship education versus management students’ entrepreneurial intentions. A PLS-SEM approach. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100450.
Brüne, N., y Lutz, E. (2020). The effect of entrepreneurship education in schools on entrepreneurial outcomes: A systematic review. Manag Rev Q, (70), 275-305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-019-00168-3.
Cacciotti, G., y Hayton, J. C. (2015). Fear and entrepreneurship: A review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 17(2), 165-190.
Dionisio, E. A., Júnior, E. I., y Fischer, B. B. (2021). Country-level efficiency and the index of dynamic entrepreneurship: Contributions from an efficiency approach. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 162, 120406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120406.
Egerová, D., Eger, L., y Mièík, M. (2017). Does entrepreneurship education matter? Business students’ perspectives. Tert Educ Manag, (23), 319-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/13583883.2017.1299205.
Ekore, J. O., y Okekeocha, O. C. (2012). Fear of entrepreneurship among university graduates: a psychological analysis. International Journal of Management, 29(2), 515-524.
Elert, N., y Henrekson, M. (2021). Entrepreneurship prompts institutional change in developing economies. Rev Austrian Econ, (34), 33-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11138-020-00501-0.
Fallah Haghighi, N., Mahmoudi, M., y Bijani, M. (2018). Barriers to entrepreneurship development in Iran’s higher education: A qualitative case study. Interchange, (49), 353-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10780-018-9330-9.
Fallah Haghighi, N., Razavi, S. M., Rezvanfar, A., y Kalantari, K. (2014). Evaluating faculty member’s attitudes regarding to entrepreneurship obstacles in agricultural faculties of Iran. Journal of Organizational Culture Management, 12(2), 325-343.
Games, D. (2021, feb.). The effectiveness of mentoring and coaching in teaching business planning. En The 3rd International Conference on Educational Development and Quality Assurance (ICED-QA 2020) (pp. 1-5). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210202.001.
GEM [Global Entrepreneurship Monitor] (2020). Diagnosis COVID 19, impacts on entrepreneurship, exploring policy remedies for recovery. GEM, London Business School.
Guojin, C. (2011). Study and practice on training scheme of university students’ entrepreneurship ability. En Y. Wu (ed.), Computing and intelligent systems. ICCIC 2011. Communications in computer and information science, vol. 233. Berlín, Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24010-2_41.
Hung, Q. (2020). Examining the influence of age and gender on entrepreneurship in Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB), 7(10), 193-199. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no10.193.
Hunter, E., Jenkins, A., y Mark-Herbert, C. (2020). When fear of failure leads to intentions to act entrepreneurially: Insights from threat appraisals and coping efficacy. International Small Business Journal, 39(5) 407-423. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242620967006.
Karimi, S., Chizari, M., Biemans, H., y Mulder, M. (2010). Entrepreneurship education in Iranian higher education: The current state and challenges. European Journal of Scientific Research, 48(1), 35-50.
Kirby, D. A. (2018). Entrepreneurship education: The need for a higher education revolution in the Arab World. En H. Fardoun, K. Downing y M. Mok (eds), The future of higher education in the Middle East and Africa. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64656-5_8.
Kleine, K. (2020). Technology entrepreneurship, enriching entrepreneurship education. En M. Peters y R. Heraud (eds), Encyclopedia of educational innovation. Singapur: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2262-4_172-1.
Koyuncuoglu, D. (2021). An investigation of potential leadership and innovation skills of university students. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 9(1), 103-115. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.1374.
Kozlinska, I. (2011). Current trends in entrepreneurship education: Challenges for Latvia and Lithuania. Social Research, 4(25), 75-88.
Liening, A., Geiger, J. M., Kriedel, R. y Wagner, W. (2016). Complexity and entrepreneurship: Modeling the process of entrepreneurship education with the Theory of Synergetics. En E. Berger y A. Kuckertz (eds.), Complexity in entrepreneurship, innovation and technology research. FGF Studies in Small Business and Entrepreneurship. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27108-8_5.
Lima, E., Almeida Lopes, R. M., Maria, V., Nassif, J., y da Silva, D. (2012). Opportunities to improve entrepreneurship education in higher education: Addressing Brazilian challenges. Proceedings of the Congress of the International Council of Small Business, New Zealand, June 2012.
Martínez-Martínez, S. L., y Ventura, R. (2020). Entrepreneurial profiles at the university: A competence approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 3471. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.612796.
Mróz, A., y Ocetkiewicz, I. (2021). Creativity for sustainability: How do Polish teachers develop students’ creativity competence? Analysis of research results. Sustainability, 13(2), 571.
Ndou, V., Secundo, G., y Mele, G. (2016). A process-based model for inspiring technology-driven entrepreneurship: An education perspective. En G. Passiante y A. Romano (eds), Creating technology-driven entrepreneurship. Londres: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59156-2_6.
Nicolaou, N., Phan, P. H., y Stephan, U. (2021). The biological perspective in entrepreneurship research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 45(1), 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258720967314.
Nwekeaku, C. (2013). Entrepreneurship education and challenges to Nigerian universities. Journal of Education and Practice, 4(3), 51-56.
Pérez, M., Núñez, y Montoya, M. (2020). Perfil del emprendedor politécnico. En M. Pérez (coord.), Incubar para innovar. 40 años de emprendimiento politécnico. Ediciones Díaz Santos.
Pérez, M. (2020). Incubar para innovar. 40 años de emprendimiento politécnico. Ediciones Díaz Santos.
Pisá-Bó, M., López-Muñoz, J. F., y Novejarque-Civera, J. (2021). The ever-changing socioeconomic conditions for entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17, 1335–1355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00737-z.
Raposo, M., y do Paço, A. (2011). Special issue: entrepreneurship and education—links between education and entrepreneurial activity. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7, 143-144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-010-0152-1.
Rivero, C. A. P., y Ubierna, F. (2021). The development of the entrepreneurial motivation from the university. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1-22. DOI: 10.1007/s11365-020-00723-5.
Sáfrányné Gubik, A., y Bartha, Z. (2021). Student perception and the efficacy of universities in shaping the entrepreneurial mindset. Theory Methodology Practice: Club Of Economics in Miskolc, 17(esp.), 65-76.
Seelig, T. (2015). Insight out: Get ideas out of your head and into the world. Nueva York: Harper Collins.
Shahin, M., Ilic, O., Gonsalvez, C., y Whittle, J. (2021). The impact of a STEM-based entrepreneurship program on the entrepreneurial intention of secondary school female students. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00713-7.
Vaquero-García, A., Ferreiro-Seoane, F. J., y Álvarez-García, J. (2017). Entrepreneurship and university: How to create entrepreneurs from university institutions. En M. Peris-Ortiz, J. Gómez, J. Merigó-Lindahl y C. Rueda-Armengot (eds), Entrepreneurial universities. Innovation, technology, and knowledge management. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47949-1_4.
Wyrwich, M., Stuetzer, M., y Sternberg, R. (2016). Entrepreneurial role models, fear of failure, and institutional approval of entrepreneurship: a tale of two regions. Small Bus Econ, 46, 467-492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9695-4.
Xianming, W. (2013). Reflection on challenges and countermeasure of entrepreneurship education in China. Cross-Cultural Communication, 9(2), 18-22.
Yao, G., Xu, J., y Xu, J. (2013). An application of entrepreneurship score model in College student entrepreneurship education. En W. E. Wong y T. Ma (eds.), Emerging technologies for information systems, computing, and management. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 236. Nueva York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7010-6_122.
Zeng, E. L. (2012). Research and practice of entrepreneurship education reform: The case of Wenzhou University. En L. Zhang y C. Zhang (eds.), Engineering education and management. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 111. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24823-8_48.
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2021 Claudia Alejandra Hernández Herrera, María del Pilar Monserrat Pérez Hernández
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
